The
author appears to be unbiased as he simply presents facts and interviews from
different research facilities throughout the United States. He is writing for BBC News, which is
primarily read by English people. He
summarizes research findings that species salmon that are captive bred lose
their ability to reproduce much more quickly than their wild counterparts
do. I learned that many undesirable
traits are eliminated from the gene pool because in the wild those fish eggs
die off very quickly in comparison to captive breeding where all the eggs survive. This will be useful in demonstrating the
viewpoint of people against captive breeding because it actually harms the
genetics of the populations.
Lynch, Michael and Martin O'Hely. "Captive breeding and
the genetic fitness of natural populations." Conservation Biology
2.4 (2001): 363-378. Print.
The
source is objective and offers many scientific facts and research findings in
relation to how genetics are affected through captive breeding. However many of the findings appear negative
because they show that unwanted traits become abundant in captive breeding
because unlike the wild most of the fish survive. According to the authors, this can severely
damage the population especially if it is intended to release the captive
individuals back into the wild. I
discovered that when these populations are released back into the wild even
natural selection is not enough to remove the harmful traits from the
population. This source will also be
useful in demonstrating the viewpoint against captive breeding due to the
negative effects on the gene pool of populations.
Noel F. R. Snyder, Scott R. Derrickson, Steven R. Beissinger,
James W. Wiley, Thomas B. Smith, William D. Toone and Brian Miller.
"Limitations of Captive Breeding in Endangered Species Recovery." Conservation
Biology 10.2 (1996): 338-348. Print.
The
source seemed somewhat objective as they presented many facts to support their
argument. However, the authors state
that captive breeding should be used as a last resort, which makes me feel like
he specifically chose research that only supports his claim. The article is aimed at a group of
individuals who are highly involved in the biology and scientific fields so
they respond better to claims that are supported by facts and lots of
research. The authors covered several
different points as to why captive breeding should be a last resort such as
poor success in reintroduction, high costs and disease outbreak. I learned that in captive bred populations
widespread disease outbreaks are more likely when introduced into the wild as
they may have genes that are not developed to withstand certain types of
diseases that wild populations have become immune to. Like the two previous sources, this one will
also be beneficial in demonstrating the argument against captive breeding due
to detrimental genes.
Press, The Associated. "Despite Sucess, Condor's Fate
Remains Unknown." The New York Times 22 August 2000: F3. Print.
This
article appeared very objective as it offered both sides of the issue. How the condor was helped by captive breeding
but also some of the negative side effects that have happened. The audience is a widespread audience as many
people through the United States and the world read the New York Times. The article talks about how the condor has
dramatically increased its population through captive breeding, however the
birds are facing many problems such as lead poisoning and begging humans for
food after being released back into the wild.
I found the most interesting part was about a bird that had torn its way
into a tent just to reach people and beg to be fed. I have not decided how this source will be
used yet in my paper as it represents many different sides of captive breeding.
Primack, Richard B. "Captive Breeding and Species
Reintroductions." Primack, Richard B. Essentials of Conservation
Biology. Sinauer Associates, 2010. 361-393. Print.
This
source is extremely objective as it comes from biology textbook. It presents both sides of captive breeding. The author is unbiased and his intent is to
educate. Also included are the benefits
and negatives associated with captive breeding.
It also brings up possible ways to decrease the negative side effects
such as cross fostering and artificial insemination. These would help distribute genes throughout
the world and thus make a more varied population. The possible ways to decrease the negative
effects were the most interesting to me because none of the other articles even
expressed the idea that the negatives could be decreased. This will be helpful in explaining all my
viewpoints as many different points are brought up.
Save Solomon Dolphins. n.d.
Save Solomon Dolphins Organization. Article. 7 November 2011.
This source was highly biased and
contained only appeals to pathos. The authors did not present any other side
but their own beliefs against captive breeding dolphins. They provided no
scientific evidence or any factual evidence at all. Swimming in a straight
line, catching wild fish and experiencing the natural rhythms of the seas are
all things that are brought up and told that these captive bred dolphins can
never experience these. I hadn’t considered how the smaller space would
detrimentally affect the dolphins capabilities up until this point so I found
it opened my eyes to that viewpoint more. This would be useful in explaining
the viewpoint of those against captive breeding purely for the sake of animal
rights.
Tribe, Andrew and Rosemary Booth. "Assessing the Role of
Zoos in Wildlife Conservation." Human Dimensions of Wildlife 8.1
(2003): 65-74. Print.
This
article is objective because the author simply states all the issues that zoos
have when it comes to captive breeding.
The author’s main objective is to educate his audience, which is for
people who are interested in wildlife management. The topics covered include how zoos are
searching for the right balance between commercial success and scientific
approval. In addition, the article
discusses how zoos handle captive breeding on their premises and in habitat
reserves or other off site places. This
article opened my eyes to the problems that zoos may face when trying to create
a successful captive breeding program.
Although this was very informational, I am still unsure where all this
information will be useful in my paper.
Tudge, Colin. "The
sad story of the stolen scarlet macaw; Colin Tudge reports on how captivity can
rescue species from extinction." The Independent 19 November 1990:
17. Print.
This article was objective in the sense that it offered
both the benefits and the negatives of captive breeding when it comes to parrots
in general. However the author seemed to
agree with the use of captive breeding.
According to Tudge, parrots are perhaps one of the most endangered
species on the planet so they face many benefits and limitations when it comes
to captive breeding. Some benefits would
be increasing their population so they do not reach extinction, however because
many populations are already so small the gene pools are not large enough and
they risk inbreeding in future generations.
The most interesting part of the article and something new that I
learned was that some people in the world collect rare parrots and refuse to
share them to conserve endangered species in order to make their own bird worth
more. Like the previous source, this was
informative and opened my eyes to difficulties faced when captive breeding
however I am unsure of the role this will play in my paper.
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